2008年12月5日

莎士比亞的十四行詩

莎士比亞十四行詩變革自早期義大利文人佩脫拉克的八六格,即前八句寫景、後六句抒情,觸景而生情,宛如古老廢墟裡的吟唱,較為樸質。莎劇的十四行詩從傳統中提煉,採四四四二格,一回三轉(抑揚五部格,即俗稱的無韻詩),情境起承轉合,後兩句小收煞,有收尾和警世格言的意味。在表現的內容上,以往的詩是人和崇高無上的神的對話;而自文藝復興起,人和神的地位逐漸平等,莎翁的無韻詩是世俗的人和人的對話,透過一個活生生的我,訴諸一個既動人卻又難以取悅的你。
聲音結構上,莎士比亞的十四行詩通常採用隔行押韻,句間夾雜行中韻以及輕重音的區分,除了強化文字在口語表達時的節奏韻律外,也使得聲音在字裡行間的流轉如同音響折射迴聲。

舉出兩回文章

第一百一十六首
Let me not to the marriage of true minds
Admit impediments. Love is not love
Which alters when it alteration finds,
Or bends with the remover to remove:
O, no! it is an ever-fix`ed mark,
That looks on tempests and is never shaken;
It is the star to every wand'ring bark,
Whose worth's unknown, although his heighth be taken.
Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeks
Within his bending sickle's compass come;
Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks,
But bears it out even to the edge of doom:
If this be error and upon me proved,
I never writ, nor no man ever loved.

莫讓我向真摯心靈的結合
承認障礙。愛不是愛
若是遇有變節的機會就改變,
或是被強勢剝離就屈服:
哦,那不是愛!愛是堅定的烽火,
凝視著狂濤而不動搖;
愛是嚮導迷航船隻的明星,
高度可測,實價無量。
愛不受時光影響,即使紅唇粉頰
終會被歲月的鐮刀砍伐;
愛不隨分分秒秒、日日月月改變,
愛不畏時間磨鍊,直到末日盡頭。
如果有人可證明我所解不實,
我從未寫過,而無人曾真愛過。


第一百四十一首
In faith I do not love thee with mine eyes,
For they in thee a thousand errors note;
But `tis my heart that loves what they despise,
Who in despite of view is pleased to dote.
Nor are mine ears with thy tongue`s tune delighted;
Nor tender feeling to base touches prone,
Nor taste, nor smell, desire to be invited
To any sensual feast with thee alone.
But my five wits, nor my five senses can
Dissuade one foolish heart from serving thee,
Who leaves unswayed the likeness of a man,
Thy proud heart`s slave and vassal wretch to be.
Only my plague thus far I count my gain,
That she that makes me sin awards me pain.

我不真的憑我的眼睛來愛你,
在你身上我看見了千處錯誤;
但我的心卻愛著眼睛所輕視
溺愛著,不理睬面前的景象。
我耳朵不聽你舌尖傳的愉悅音色;
我那期待著愛撫的敏感觸覺,
我的味覺,我的嗅覺,不願出席
你的個人的任何感官的宴會。
可是我的五智或五感卻不能
說服一個痴心不愛你,
剩下男人那一點不為動搖的,
甘願做你那高傲之心的奴隸。
然我只能將我愛情悲苦視作益處,
她誘使我犯罪,她令我受苦。

沒有留言: